Who doesn't love a juicy chicken wing grilled to perfection above charcoal?
What is charcoal and why is it possible for it to burn for such a long time?
What is/are the difference/s between charcoal and its original state?
I hear charcoal has many other benefits.
Tell me about some of them.
But of course there are disadvantages to using charcoal.
Suggest some possible ways of harnessing the goodness of charcoal while minimising harmful effects.
How To Soar in PSLE - BTPS Way!!
Interact with complex questions / graphs / pictures to pick up valuable clues (don't highlight - just use your pen to underline words or scribble notes)
Start with Booklet A and do it meticulously with full focus - explore all 4 distractors before making final choice.
MANAGE your TIME - to score well, you need to try to finish ALL questions.
Specific answers = answers that are relevant to question.
When confused, choose any of the following strategies:
1. Ask, "What Science idea is being used in question?"
2. Pose other questions to clarify your thoughts
3. COMPARE to another set-up
4. COMPARE to a reverse situation
5. Connect to your knowledge in life (yes, you do have lots of prior / other knowledge)
6. Break down your answer in steps before crafting final answer.
Common problems with wrong answers:
*Answers are generic/vague and do not connect to that specific question
*Answers are not scientific and do not explain using Science ideas
*Answers do not make use of data provided when asked
*Answers did not make comparisons - use words like more/most etc..when asked
BTPS supports all P6 in achieving their PSLE GOALS!!
Start with Booklet A and do it meticulously with full focus - explore all 4 distractors before making final choice.
MANAGE your TIME - to score well, you need to try to finish ALL questions.
Specific answers = answers that are relevant to question.
When confused, choose any of the following strategies:
1. Ask, "What Science idea is being used in question?"
2. Pose other questions to clarify your thoughts
3. COMPARE to another set-up
4. COMPARE to a reverse situation
5. Connect to your knowledge in life (yes, you do have lots of prior / other knowledge)
6. Break down your answer in steps before crafting final answer.
Common problems with wrong answers:
*Answers are generic/vague and do not connect to that specific question
*Answers are not scientific and do not explain using Science ideas
*Answers do not make use of data provided when asked
*Answers did not make comparisons - use words like more/most etc..when asked
BTPS supports all P6 in achieving their PSLE GOALS!!
Thursday, March 12, 2009
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Science Around Me (SAM)
SAM is a Science journal that allows pupils to express themselves in their favourite ways about Science.
SAM is another great opportunity for pupils to THINK and TALK Science in a medium that is customised to their learning styles.
SAM allows teachers to informally assess understanding of the child and clarify misconceptions in their learning.
SAM is another great opportunity for pupils to THINK and TALK Science in a medium that is customised to their learning styles.
SAM allows teachers to informally assess understanding of the child and clarify misconceptions in their learning.
Factors Affecting the Environment by Gog Ru Yan - 6G
When Ice Changes into Water by Goh Chee Yan - 5G
Do you wonder whether the mass of ice changes when it melts into water. Try this out:
1. Put a few ice cubes into a plastic bag
2. Tie the mouth of the bag tightly
3. Weigh the bag of ice cubes (if there is condensation outside the bag, wipe it dry before weighing)
4. Place the bag in the sun
5. When ice has melted, wipe the outside of the bag dry (refer to step 3)
6. Weigh the bag
You will discover that the mass of the bag remains the same!
There is no change in mass when ice melts!!
1. Put a few ice cubes into a plastic bag
2. Tie the mouth of the bag tightly
3. Weigh the bag of ice cubes (if there is condensation outside the bag, wipe it dry before weighing)
4. Place the bag in the sun
5. When ice has melted, wipe the outside of the bag dry (refer to step 3)
6. Weigh the bag
You will discover that the mass of the bag remains the same!
There is no change in mass when ice melts!!
Simple Steps to fight Dengue by Elizabeth Wu 4C
18 comments:
For your first question, I do, Barbeque food don't taste nice and it is unhealthy. For your second question, it is due to its chemical compound, since it contains quite a high amount of carbon, and less amount of oxygen since mostly is the oxygen thats burning and turning into carbon dioxide. So when it burns it is actually a very slow process thus maintaining heat and creating Oxides(Unreactivity). Your next question, what do you mean by original state as in the prehistoric plants that got kept in mud and water and changed by geological actions. The plant and the coal, while its obvious one is once alive and the latter is alive. And the chemical compounds are changed slowly too.
Your forth question, well if I link to your fifth one will be easier to understand, since we can say the few different types of coal.(Peat, Lignite, Sub-bituminous coal, Bituminous coal, Anthracite and unbelivably, Graphite) Well, the things you find in your pencils. And the disadvantages is it no matter what form, artificial is not as good as natural. And nature do not have plenty. Your final question, the solutions are combined cycle power plants, combined heat and power cogeneration, and an MHD topping cycle.( View the Wikipedia Article for more information)
Pek Yu-Xuan Sean
- I admitte that most of us like a nice grilled juicy chicken wing , but there are also those who don't like it , it totally depend on one's taste .
- Coal is the world’s most plentiful fossil fuel. It is a mineral formed from the remains of land-based plants buried hundreds of millions of years ago and subjected to tremendous heat and pressure.
- Not really too sure about why is it possible to burn for such a long time . I think ... it might be because of that it has high chemical potential energy that enables it to burn for so long.
-coal is now a non-living thing that can help to do lots of work , but in its original state millions of years ago is plants that are land-based which are living things.
-Of course coal is used to do lots of work like cooking food , burned to convert to other forms of energy to do work... but creates polution , polluting the air & harming living things indirectly.
-To reduce the harmful effect , a better solution will be to use natural resources like the Sun , wind , tide ... to do work ( after they are converted to other forms of energy) in replacement of coal because coal is limited on Earth and will not last us long/forever.
However , the least we can do is to conserve energy so that the coal (or even other types of fossil fuels) on earth can last us longer.
Gu Yuling ( 6Charity ) :)
Sorry, I need to retype my comments on charcoal,
The first amendment will be at the third question, since previously I gave one on coal. In this case, the charcoal, is made also by decompasition though its by pyrolysis, it meant by burning.
For the following question, it does not have other benefit of burning or making gunpowder. Though also it is used to make pencils (I don't know about now)Though, gunpowder is an important item, charcoal is actually mix with a lot of other substances.
My third amendment is that its disadvantages is not because tp harness it's energy you need to burn it, but how you get it in the first place, like i said pyrolysis is a process that involve burning(If you wan't more details, go check out wiki's article) Probably to mimise it's hamful effect by putting it in a control environment ant putting it's byproduct through a catylitic converter like those you find in a near zero emmisions car, even thoough one of it's ingredient is expensive, it may cut down from 50-99% of its harmful emmision
Pek Yu-Xuan Sean
Amendments & newly updated comments for charcoal :
- I admitte that most of us like a nice grilled juicy chicken wing , but there are also those who don't like it , it totally depend on one's taste . ( same )
- Charcoal is a black substance that resembles coal and is used as a source of fuel. Charcoal is generally made from wood that has been burnt, or charred, while being deprived of oxygen so that what's left is an impure carbon residue. While charcoal is used in the manufacture of various objects from crayons to filters, its most common use is as a fuel.
(UPDATED )
-Being possible to burn for such a long time , I THINK it is still because its high chemical potential energy .
-Generally , charcoal in its original state is wood ( come from trees ,which is living thing of course )but charcoal is now able to be used in solid & liquid form to do work .( nt sure )
-( no change) It is used to do lots of work like cooking food , burned to convert to other forms of energy to do work... but creates polution , polluting the air & harming living things indirectly.
- for the last question , I seriously have no idea.
Gu Yuling ( 6 Chairty ) ;)
Charcoal is actually sawdust or scrap wood partially burned in very hot ovens until it becomes what's called wood char. to make charcoal, wood or wood scraps are put in either a kiln or dryers to suck out moisture so they'll bake efficiently, then are typically cooked in cast iron retort ovens. Charcoal is pure carbon.
The most common type of charcoal used are lump charcoal and briquettes.Briquettes are convenient, inexpensive source of fuel. It can burn more consistenly and longer then lump charcoal but not quite as hot. Briquettes frequently contain other ingredients in addition to charcoal to improve the performance characteristics of the product. As a result, they leave behind a considerable amount of ash, which is of concern in cookers that can;t accommodate ash bulid-up.
Coal can be burnt in power stations to turn generators to produce electricity. it can also be used to cook. In times of scarce petroleum, automobiles and even buses have been converted to burn wood gas (gas mixture containing primarily carbon monoxide) released by burning charcoal or wood in a wood gas generator.The porosity of activated charcoal accounts for its ability to readily adsorb gases and liquids; charcoal is often used to filter water or adsorb odors.Charcoal was also consumed in the past as dietary supplement for gastric problems in the form of charcoal biscuits.
Sorry. The above comment is mine.
Xinyi 6Grace
It depends whether the person like juicy chicken wing or not.
Some people dont appreciate it at all-- depends on a person's taste.
Charcoal is the blackish residue consisting of impure carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances.
I think its able to burn for a long time as it stores heat.
The charcoal is made by decompasition though its by pyrolysis.
Advantages: The earliest industrial, use of charcoal, more than four thousand years ago, was as a reductant for iron smelting to change iron oxide into metallic iron. But charcoal was already well known as a high grade smokeless fuel for cooking and domestic heating.
Disadvantages: Charcoal is not a clean fuel.Charcoal transport and storage can be affected by the loss of weight.Its delay to start burning is longer than other household fuel such as LPG, Kerosene and gelfuel.It generates more ash than LPG, Kerosene and gelfuel.
I don't have any suggestions to harnessing the goodness of charcoal while minimising harmful effects.
JJ.
I would like to finish off my with the disadvantages, as we all know, it is not a green method of getting energy. This will let me explain why in terms of carbon emmisions. Firstly we can explain in the most obvious method, the current method.
-Current Method-
Pyrolysis (Getting Charcoal by burning living organism)
-------5% CE
Gathering
-------3% CE
Packaging
-------6% CE
Transportation
-------25% CE
Utilysing
-------5% CE
Total ----------------44% CE
Thus, it is a terrible pollutant.
My Method of enclosing, straight tanforming has a much higher cost, though it defitnetly cut carbon emmisions
Enclose Catalyst
--------0.001%
Electrolysis
--------0%
Transportation with Mach 10 enclose window anti-pollutant planes
--------10%
Utilising
--------0%
Total------11%
This is my method of reducing emmisions
It uses by Xin Yi is also quite true:
The porosity of activated charcoal accounts for its ability to readily adsorb gases and liquids; charcoal is often used to filter water or adsorb odors.
Pek Yu-Xuan Sean
Seriously, the first question TOTALLY depends on the consumer's taste. "juicy chicken wing grilled to perfection above charcoal" may look very mouth-watering, but most health-conscious people will not consume the chicken wing. Once again, a health-conscious people like a doctor, will say NO to the tempting chicken wing. Because chicken wings and charcoal can cause many problems. Chicken Wing may cause someone to get diabetics.You see, the truth is in this modern day and age; chickens are injected with
steroids to accelerate their growth so that the needs of this society can be met.
This need is none other than the need for food.
Chickens that are injected with steroids are usually given the shot at the neck or the wings. Therefore, it is in these places that the highest concentration of steroids exists. These steroids have terrifying effects on the body as it accelerates growth. It has an even more dangerous effect in the presence of female hormones, this leads to women being more prone to the growth of a cyst in the womb.
Eating too much grilled food over charcoal can cause MANY problems.Problems occur are cancer when they cause oxident. The food is also maybe unhealthy because it may be overcooked can cause many unnecessary problems like diarhhea and vomitting.
CHARCOAL IS Charcoal is the blackish residue consisting of impure carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood, sugar, bone char, or other substances in the absence of oxygen (see pyrolysis, char and biochar). The resulting soft, brittle, lightweight, black, porous material resembles coal and is 85% to 98% carbon with the remainder consisting of volatile chemicals and ash.
Can I don't answer this question? THX
One of the most important historical applications of wood charcoal was as a constituent of gunpowder. It was also used in metallurgical operations as a reducing agent, but its application has been diminished by the introduction of coke, anthracite smalls, etc. For example, charcoal may be used to smelt a variety of metals from aluminum to copper as it burns at the necessary temperature: 1,100 °C (2,010 °F).[4] A limited quantity is made up into the form of drawing crayons; but the greatest amount is used as a fuel, which burns hotter and cleaner than wood. Charcoal is often used by blacksmiths, for cooking, and for other industrial applications.
Charcoal briquettes are widely used for outdoor grilling and barbecues in backyards and on camping trips.
In many non-industrialized countries, charcoal is used for everyday cooking by a large portion of the population. This is potentially a serious health problem when used indoors since carbon monoxide (CO) is a combustion product
Historically, charcoal was used in great quantities for smelting iron in bloomeries and later blast furnaces and finery forges. This use was replaced by coke during the Industrial Revolution. For this purpose, charcoal in England was measured in dozens (or loads) consisting of 12 sacks or shems or seams, each of 8 bushels.
In times of scarce petroleum, automobiles and even buses have been converted to burn wood gas (gas mixture containing primarily carbon monoxide) released by burning charcoal or wood in a wood gas generator. In 1931 Tang Zhongming developed an automobile powered by charcoal, and these cars were popular in China until the 1950s. In occupied France during World War II, wood and wood charcoal production for such vehicles (called gazogènes) increased from pre-war figures of approximately fifty thousand tons a year to almost half a million tons in 1943.[6]
The porosity of activated charcoal accounts for its ability to readily adsorb gases and liquids; charcoal is often used to filter water or adsorb odors. Its pharmacological action depends on the same property; it adsorbs the gases of the stomach and intestines, and also liquids and solids (hence its use in the treatment of certain poisonings). Charcoal filters are used in some types of gas mask to remove poisonous gases from inhaled air. Wood charcoal also to some extent removes coloring material from solutions, but animal charcoal is generally more effective.
Animal charcoal or bone black is the carbonaceous residue obtained by the dry distillation of bones; it contains only about 10% carbon, the remainder being calcium and magnesium phosphates (80%) and other inorganic material originally present in the bones. It is generally manufactured from the residues obtained in the glue and gelatin industries. Its decolorizing power was applied in 1812 by Derosne to the clarification of the syrups obtained in sugar refining; but its use in this direction has now greatly diminished, owing to the introduction of more active and easily managed reagents. It is still used to some extent in laboratory practice. The decolorizing power is not permanent, becoming lost after using for some time; it may be revived, however, by washing and reheating
AND MANY OTHERS LIKE DRAWING AND ETC
invent an item when the sides are completely closed except for the side when the food is supposed to be placed.Then cook the food and cover the side quickly
This will not cause air pollution (MY OWN IDEA)
MARCUS CHIOH 6G
- For one, I don't, because it's not very tasty. LOL.
- Charcoal is known as fossil fuels as it is formed from the remains of plants and animals that survived millions of years ago.
- I have no idea why charcoal is able to burn for so long but I think it's able to burn for so long because it is mostly made from carbon.
- Charcoal is really, as with the second question, the remains of plants and animals. We get charcoal by refining it, so that's the difference.
- Well first, it can be used to cook food, do certain work, etc. Simply put, it can help us in certain daily nessacarites.
- The disadvantages are that it contributes to air pollutions like say, the smoke from factories... you get the idea.
- Well, I have no idea as well. I honestly think, to get the advantages, there must be flaws as well. You can maybe, I don't know, reduce the usage of charcoal so you minimise the harmful effects, but you won't get the maximum benefits from it.
WELL DONE but you forgotten about 1 thing. No using shortcuts like LOL.
MARCUS CHIOH 6G
I got an idea to help you with your invention, when you close your 'cooker', where does the smoke go? And once you open it, wont all the polluted air come out of it? I suggest you put a catalyst on it, and the the polluted air get filtered to nearly 0%.
Pek Yu-Xuan Sean
thx sean for giving a suggestion to my cooker
MARCUS CHIOH 6G
The benifit of charcoal is that it adsorbs(not absorb) more poison than other substance known to mankind.It also adsorbs bacteria,virus ,intestinal gas.It can also bring relief to bites and pains for a short while.Amazingly,one study repoted a prolonging lifespan in rats by34%as compared to control.WOW!!!Disadvantages of using charcoal are that it is not a clean fuel.Charcoal transport and storagecan be affected by teh loss of weight and it genarates more ash than LPG,Kerosen and gelfuel.
Pauline
It is important to differentiate coal and charcoal - fossil fuel v/s just trees that have been treated. please also read the comments from Pauline who clearly states some of the benefits of charcoal.
Maybe some of you can elaborate and make the differentiation clearer to the confused ones.
Also I agree that it's so much preferable to write in your own words whta you understand. Also it's great to read Sean with all his interesting comments because I feel he does undersatnd them.
*First, I would like to say, who doesn't like BBQ food? It's delicious and can fill our stomachs. But it is also very unhealthy so we could eat it, but only occasionally.
*For your 2nd question, what is charcoal? From what I researched, charcoal is a blackish residue consisting of impure carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood, sugar, bone char, or other substances in the absence of oxygen. The resulting soft, brittle, lightweight, black, porous material resembles coal and is 85% to 98% carbon with the remainder consisting of volatile chemicals and ash.
Renise Ngo(5C) =P
For your first question, I admit that gilled food is nice
For your second question,Charcoal is made up of carbon, in an amorphous form that has plenty of surface area which enables air to make contact with enough carbon to sustain a reaction (once the ignition energy has been supplied.) The carbon burns slowly because, in this amorphous form the carbon is a poor conductor of heat (both diamond and graphite are good conductors of heat). The outer layer of charcoal burns away, but doesn't transfer much heat to the inside. As the outer layer reacts to form CO2, the inner layers are exposed to the air and burn in their turn, but only after the outer layer combustion has finished. This process makes for quite slow burning.
han sheng (6Grace^-^)
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